<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Av. Merve Ay\u00e7e \u00d6ZMER\u0130\u00c7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
21.04.2021<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
K\u0130RA TESP\u0130T DAVASININ KONUSU NED\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kira paras\u0131n\u0131n tespiti davas\u0131n\u0131n konusu, bir kira y\u0131l\u0131na ait kira paras\u0131n\u0131n ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Taraflar\u0131n yeni d\u00f6nem kira bedeli hususunda ancak anla\u015famamas\u0131 halinde bu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7malar\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kiran\u0131n tespiti karar\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yeni d\u00f6nemde belli olmayan \u00fccret unsurunu belirli bir hale getirmekten ibarettir. Bu a\u015famada kiran\u0131n tespitinde hukuki sonu\u00e7 ancak hakimin karar\u0131yla do\u011fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0130RA TESP\u0130T DAVASI HANG\u0130 TA\u015eINMAZLAR HAKKINDA A\u00c7ILAB\u0130L\u0130R<\/strong>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kira paras\u0131n\u0131n tespiti davalar\u0131n\u0131n konusunu \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 konut ve i\u015fyerleri kapsam\u0131na giren ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. TBK\u2019nun 344. ve devam\u0131 maddeleri gere\u011fi, kira tespiti talebinin ancak konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda uygulanabilece\u011finden bunun haricinde kira tespiti istenemeyecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu halde, ba\u015ftan belirsiz s\u00fcreli olarak akdedilen konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f yeri kiras\u0131 niteli\u011finde olmayan kiralar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da mevcut fesih bildiriminde bulunma fesih (ola\u011fan fesih) imkan\u0131n\u0131n (TBK 328-330) varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin devam\u0131 s\u00fcresinde kira tespit davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6rnek olarak kiralanan yerin tarla vasf\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ve musakkaf yap\u0131da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda niteli\u011fi itibariyle kiralanan\u0131n T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi olmas\u0131 sebebiyle, bu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz hakk\u0131nda Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun Konut ve \u00c7at\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015fyeri Kiralar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yine has\u0131lat\/\u00fcr\u00fcn kiras\u0131na tabi olan kiralananlara y\u00f6nelik kira tespiti talep edilemez ve bu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131na uygulanan TBK.nun 339. 344. maddesi ve devam\u0131 maddeleri h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden faydalanamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0130RA TESP\u0130T DAVASI K\u0130M TARAFINDAN A\u00c7ILAB\u0130L\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kira paras\u0131n\u0131n tespiti davalar\u0131 kiralayan (kiraya veren) taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi kirac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da a\u00e7\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0130RA TESP\u0130T DAVASININ TARAFLARI K\u0130M OLMALIDIR?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kira tespit davas\u0131, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kiminle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise onun aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n E\u011fer kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde kirac\u0131 olarak birden fazla ki\u015fi varsa husumetin her kirac\u0131ya y\u00f6neltilmesi gerekir. Burada kirac\u0131lar aras\u0131nda mecburi dava arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r ve kirac\u0131lardan birisine yap\u0131lan ihtardan di\u011fer kirac\u0131n\u0131n da birlikte haberdar olmas\u0131 as\u0131ld\u0131r. (Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesi 2017\/4432 E. , 2018\/10954 K. Karar\u0131nda ifade edilmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kira bedelinin tespiti davas\u0131n\u0131, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini akdeden taraflar a\u00e7abilece\u011fi gibi, o ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n maliki veya payda\u015flar\u0131ndan her biri de a\u00e7abilir. Kiralanan, i\u015ftirak halinde m\u00fclkiyete konu ise, t\u00fcm miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n birlikte dava a\u00e7malar\u0131 veya a\u00e7\u0131lan davaya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 yahut muvafakat vermeleri ya da miras \u015firketine m\u00fcmessil tayini gerekmektedir. Bununla beraber kiralanan m\u00fc\u015fterek m\u00fclkiyete tabi ise, her payda\u015f kendi pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda kira paras\u0131n\u0131n tespitini isteyebilecektir. (Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesi 2017\/15709 E., 2018\/13113 K. karar\u0131nda ifade edilmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0130RA TESP\u0130T DAVASI A\u00c7MA S\u00dcRES\u0130 VE KARARIN ETK\u0130S\u0130 NED\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun \u201cdava a\u00e7ma s\u00fcresi ve karar\u0131n etkisi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 345 maddesi d\u00fczenlemesine g\u00f6re kira bedelinin belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin dava her zaman a\u00e7\u0131labilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kira tespit davas\u0131n\u0131n yeni d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan en ge\u00e7 otuz g\u00fcn \u00f6nceki bir tarihte a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da kiraya veren taraf\u0131ndan bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kira bedelinin art\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak kirac\u0131ya yaz\u0131l\u0131 bildirimde bulunulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla, izleyen yeni kira d\u00f6nemi sonuna kadar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, mahkemece belirlenecek kira bedeli, bu yeni kira d\u00f6neminin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren kirac\u0131y\u0131 ba\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bununla beraber, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde yeni kira d\u00f6neminde kira bedelinin art\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir h\u00fck\u00fcm varsa, yeni kira d\u00f6neminin sonuna kadar a\u00e7\u0131lacak davada mahkemece belirlenecek kira bedelinin de, bu yeni d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmektedir. \u00d6rnek olarak, 01.03.1997 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde art\u0131\u015f \u015fart\u0131 bulunuyorsa, davac\u0131 13.11.2013 tarihinde a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 dava ile 01.03.2013 tarihinden itibaren kira bedelinin tespitini isteyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 345. maddesi gere\u011fince; kira bedelinin belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin dava her zaman a\u00e7\u0131labilir. Ancak, bu dava, yeni d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan en ge\u00e7 otuz g\u00fcn \u00f6nceki bir tarihte a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da kiraya veren taraf\u0131ndan bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kira bedelinin art\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak kirac\u0131ya yaz\u0131l\u0131 bildirimde bulunulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla, izleyen yeni kira d\u00f6nemi sonuna kadar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, mahkemece belirlenecek kira bedeli, bu yeni kira d\u00f6neminin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren kirac\u0131y\u0131 ba\u011flar. S\u00f6zle\u015fmede yeni kira d\u00f6neminde kira bedelinin art\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir h\u00fck\u00fcm varsa, yeni kira d\u00f6neminin sonuna kadar a\u00e7\u0131lacak davada mahkemece belirlenecek kira bedeli de bu yeni d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren ge\u00e7erli olur. Taraflar aras\u0131nda kira paras\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bulunup mahkemeye m\u00fcracaat edildi\u011fine ve kira paras\u0131n\u0131n dava yoluyla tespiti istenildi\u011fine g\u00f6re; daval\u0131 taraf art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istenilen veya karar verilecek miktar\u0131 \u00f6dese bile dava red edilmeyip, bu miktar h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131narak bir tespit karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekirken, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir.\u201d<\/em> (Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesi 2017\/6552 E., 2019\/2619 K. karar\u0131nda ifade edilmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201ciki y\u0131l s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde her y\u0131l\u0131n kira paras\u0131 miktar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kira paras\u0131n\u0131n tespiti istemli davalarda tespite konu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerdeki \u201c\u2026 ikinci y\u0131l kira paras\u0131 \u2026 Ticaret Odas\u0131 T\u00fcketici Fiyat Endeksi art\u0131\u015f\u0131 baz al\u0131narak tespit edilecektir \u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn kira art\u0131\u015f \u015fart\u0131 olarak kabul edilip edilm\u2026\u2026.Her iki davaya konu olan kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f yeri kira t\u00fcr\u00fcne ili\u015fkin olup iki y\u0131l s\u00fcrelidir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmede ilk y\u0131l\u0131n kira bedeli belirlendi\u011fi halde s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 10. maddesinde \u201c\u2026ikinci y\u0131l kira paras\u0131 \u2026 Ticaret Odas\u0131 T\u00fcketici Fiyat Endeksi art\u0131\u015f\u0131 baz al\u0131narak tespit edilecektir \u201d d\u00fczenlemesi mevcuttur. Dairemizin istikrarl\u0131 uygulamas\u0131na g\u00f6re kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde taraflar\u0131n belirledikleri ilk y\u0131la ili\u015fkin kira bedelinde sonraki kira y\u0131llar\u0131 i\u00e7in art\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olarak belirlenmesi veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmede sonraki y\u0131l\u0131n kiras\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f usul\u00fcn\u00fc kararla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin s\u00fcresi sonras\u0131ndaki yenileme d\u00f6nemleri i\u00e7in kira bedelinin yenilenen d\u00f6nemlerde art\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na dair taraflar aras\u0131nda bir art\u0131\u015f iradesi oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fcn\u00fc gerektirir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki taraflar\u0131n art\u0131\u015f iradesi ise kira tespit davalar\u0131n\u0131n yeni d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan en ge\u00e7 30 g\u00fcn \u00f6ncesinde dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 veya bu s\u00fcre \u00f6ncesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 bildirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n hukuksal \u00f6nemini ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fmede taraflar\u0131n yeni d\u00f6nem kiras\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan art\u0131\u015f iradesini ortaya koymalar\u0131 halinde davan\u0131n tespit konusu yeni d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 yeterli olacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/em> (Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesi 2019\/1029 E., 2019\/1790 K. karar\u0131ndan al\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0130RA TESP\u0130T DAVASINDA K\u0130RA BEDEL\u0130 NASIL BEL\u0130RLENECEKT\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 01\/07\/2012 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu 344.maddesinde,<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cTaraflar\u0131n yenilenen kira d\u00f6nemlerinde uygulanacak kira bedeline ili\u015fkin anla\u015fmalar\u0131, bir \u00f6nceki kira y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcretici fiyat endeksindeki art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131n\u0131 (01.01.2019 tarihinden sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in ise t\u00fcketici fiyat endeksindeki oniki ayl\u0131k ortalamalara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fim oran\u0131n\u0131) ge\u00e7memek ko\u015fuluyla ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu kural, bir y\u0131ldan daha uzun s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde de uygulan\u0131r. Taraflarca bu konuda bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, kira bedeli, bir \u00f6nceki kira y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretici fiyat endeksindeki art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7memek ko\u015fuluyla h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan, kiralanan\u0131n durumu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak hakkaniyete g\u00f6re belirlenir. Taraflarca bu konuda bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, be\u015f y\u0131ldan uzun s\u00fcreli veya be\u015f y\u0131ldan sonra yenilenen kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde ve bundan sonraki her be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda, yeni kira y\u0131l\u0131nda uygulanacak kira bedeli, h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretici fiyat endeksindeki art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131, kiralanan\u0131n durumu ve emsal kira bedelleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak hakkaniyete uygun bi\u00e7imde belirlenir. Her be\u015f y\u0131ldan sonraki kira y\u0131l\u0131nda bu bi\u00e7imde belirlenen kira bedeli, \u00f6nceki f\u0131kralarda yer alan ilkelere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n h\u00fckm\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu d\u00fczenleme uyar\u0131nca, taraflar aras\u0131nda kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde uzayan d\u00f6nemde kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak \u201cart\u0131\u015f oran\u0131\u201d t\u00fcketici fiyat endeksi oniki ayl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7emeyecektir. Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131n t\u00fcfenin oniki ayl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7mesi halinde ise a\u015fan k\u0131s\u0131m ge\u00e7ersiz olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131 olarak t\u00fcketici fiyat endeksindeki oniki ayl\u0131k ortalama uygulanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde \u201cart\u0131\u015f oran\u0131\u201d belirlenmedi\u011fi durumda ise, hakim taraf\u0131ndan kiralanan\u0131n durumuna ve hakkaniyete g\u00f6re belirlenecektir. Ancak bu halde de, hakim taraf\u0131ndan belirlenecek bedel, t\u00fcketici fiyat endeksindeki oniki ayl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7meyecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Be\u015f y\u0131ldan uzun s\u00fcreli ve be\u015f y\u0131ldan sonra yenilenen kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde ise taraflarca kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bir \u00f6nem arz etmemektedir. Bu halde kira bedeli hakim taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcketici fiyat endeksi, emsal kira bedelleri ve kiralanan\u0131n durumuna g\u00f6re belirlenecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 18.11.1964 g\u00fcn ve 2\/4 say\u0131l\u0131 Y.\u0130.B.K. ve yerle\u015fik Yarg\u0131tay uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u201chak ve nesafet\u201d ilkesi uyar\u0131nca kira paras\u0131n\u0131n tespitine karar verilirken \u00f6ncelikle taraflar\u0131n t\u00fcm delilleri varsa emsal kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri asl\u0131 veya onayl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri dosyaya al\u0131nmal\u0131, bilirki\u015fi marifetiyle kiralanan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz ve taraf emsalleri tek tek g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp incelenmeli, b\u00f6ylece elde edilen veriler somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak, dava konusu yer ile ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 (konumu, \u00e7evresi, niteli\u011fi, kullan\u0131m \u015fekli, kira ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihi, kira s\u00fcreleri vb.) kira paras\u0131na etki eden t\u00fcm nitelikleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, emsal kira bedellerinin ni\u00e7in uygun emsal olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 somut gerek\u00e7elerle a\u00e7\u0131klanmal\u0131, dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n yeniden kiraya verilmesi halinde getirebilece\u011fi kira paras\u0131 belirlenmeli, hakimce bu kira paras\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmak suretiyle hak ve nesafete; \u00f6zellikle taraflar\u0131n kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden bekledikleri ama\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun makul bir kira paras\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmelidir. Buna ek olarak, kirac\u0131n\u0131n eski kirac\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetilerek hakkaniyete uygun bir miktarda indirim yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kira bedelinin br\u00fct olarak tespiti gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde kira bedelinin yabanc\u0131 para olarak belirlenmesi halinde ise, be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7medik\u00e7e kira bedelinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bununla beraber \u015fu hususu da belirtmekte fayda var ki, T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun kira art\u0131\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin 344. maddesindeki d\u00fczenleme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kirac\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nda tacir olarak say\u0131lan ki\u015filer ile \u00f6zel hukuk ve kamu hukuku t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri oldu\u011fu i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131nda 6217 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun ge\u00e7ici 2. maddesi gere\u011fince bu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc 8 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle uygulanamayacakt\u0131r. Bu halde, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde bu maddelerde belirtilmi\u015f olan konulara ili\u015fkin olarak s\u00f6zle\u015fme serbestisi gere\u011fi kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin tatbik olunacak ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmede h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan hallerde ise M\u00fclga BK h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanacakt\u0131r. 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu (TBK) \u00f6ncesi yerle\u015fik Yarg\u0131tay uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u015fartlar de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi ve \u00f6zel geli\u015fmelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia ve ispat edilmedik\u00e7e, hak ve nesafet ilkesine g\u00f6re kira paras\u0131n\u0131n tespit edildi\u011fi d\u00f6nemden sonra \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7in art arda endeks uygulanarak bulunacak kira paras\u0131n\u0131n o d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in hak ve nesafete uygun ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 olmayan bir kira paras\u0131 oldu\u011fu ilke olarak kabul edilecektir. \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan sonra ise yeniden hak ve nesafete g\u00f6re kira paras\u0131 tespit edilebilecektir. (Yarg\u0131tay 3.Hukuk Dairesi 2017\/ 8850E., 2019 \/ 5357 K. say\u0131l\u0131 12.06.2019 tarihli karar\u0131nda detaylar\u0131 ile ifade edilmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0130RAYA VEREN TARAFINDAN K\u0130RA PARASININ \u0130HT\u0130RAZ\u0130 KAYIT KONULMAKISIZIN ALINMASI K\u0130RA TESP\u0130T\u0130 TALEP ED\u0130LMES\u0130NE ENGEL M\u0130D\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde kira art\u0131\u015f \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kirac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan art\u0131\u015f uygulanmadan \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kiraya verenin bu \u00f6demeleri herhangi bir ihtirazi kay\u0131t olmaks\u0131z\u0131n almas\u0131 kiraya verenin art\u0131\u015fl\u0131 kira alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 istemesine ve kira tespiti talebinde bulunmas\u0131na engel olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cTaraflar aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen takibe dayanak 01.10.2006 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihli 1 y\u0131l (aksi bildirilmedik\u00e7e uzatmal\u0131) s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bulunmamaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin hususi \u015fartlar b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde; y\u0131ll\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n TEFE+%5 \u015feklinde olaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zg\u00fcr irade ile kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bu \u015fart ge\u00e7erli olup taraflar\u0131 ba\u011flar ve yenilenen kira d\u00f6nemlerinde de ge\u00e7erli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ancak 6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanun\u2019unun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 01.07.2012 tarihine kadar s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki art\u0131\u015f \u015fart\u0131 ge\u00e7erli olup, taraflar aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmayan yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olup bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmede hangi oranda kira paras\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ve belirgin \u015fekilde belirtildi\u011fine g\u00f6re, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gerekir. Davac\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f \u015fart\u0131 uygulanmadan \u00f6denen kira paralar\u0131n\u0131 ihtirazi kay\u0131t koymadan almas\u0131, kira paras\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6dedi\u011fi miktarda belirlendi\u011fi konusunda bir anla\u015fman\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermez ve davac\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f \u015fart\u0131 uyar\u0131nca fark kira alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 istemesine engel te\u015fkil etmez.\u201d<\/em> (Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesi 2017\/4763 E., 2018\/13351 K. karar\u0131nda ifade edilmi\u015ftir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0130RA TESP\u0130T DAVALARI SONUCU ALINAN KARARLAR NE ZAMAN \u0130CRA ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kira tespit ilamlar\u0131 kesinle\u015fmeden icra takibe konu edilemeyecektir. (12.11.1979 tarih 1979\/1-3 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 gere\u011fi) Bu sebeple karara kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf\/temyiz kanun yoluna ba\u015fvuruldu ise istinaf\/temyiz incelemesi sonucunun beklenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yine 07.07.1965 g\u00fcn ve 5\/5 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, tespit edilen kira fark\u0131n\u0131n mahkemede dava edilebilir veya icrada takip edilebilir hale gelmesi i\u00e7in miktar\u0131n\u0131n kesin olarak belli olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu belirlilik ise ancak tespite ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesi ile olu\u015facakt\u0131r. (Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesi 2017\/14562 E., 2019\/9074 K. karar\u0131nda ifade edilmi\u015ftir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0130RA TESP\u0130T DAVASI SONUCU BEL\u0130RLENEN K\u0130RAYA FA\u0130Z NE ZAMANDAN \u0130T\u0130BAREN UYGULANIR?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kira tespit karar\u0131 ile belirlenen kira fark miktar\u0131na kira tespit karar\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fti\u011fi tarihten itibaren faiz uygulanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0130RA TESP\u0130T DAVASINDA TALEP ED\u0130LEN K\u0130RA BEDEL\u0130 ARTTIRILARAK ISLAH YAPILAB\u0130L\u0130R M\u0130?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Yarg\u0131tay taraf\u0131ndan dosyaya sunulan bilirki\u015fi raporuna g\u00f6re tespit edilen kira bedelinin davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan talep edilen kira bedelinden y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 halinde, davac\u0131n\u0131n \u0131slah ile talep etti\u011fi kira paras\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir kira paras\u0131 tespiti istemesinin olanakl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cDaval\u0131n\u0131n \u0131slaha y\u00f6nelik temyiz itirazlar\u0131na incelenmesinde, davadaki istem kira paras\u0131n\u0131n tespitine y\u00f6nelik olup, davac\u0131lar dava dilek\u00e7esinde talep edilen d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in kiralanan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu konum, \u00e7evrede meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fimler, g\u00fcn\u00fcn ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131 vb. etkenleri de\u011ferlendirerek talepte bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Dava dilek\u00e7esi ile istenilen miktar davac\u0131lar\u0131n iradesini ve kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden elde etmeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131klar\u0131 yarar\u0131 yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla her ne kadar fazlaya ili\u015fkin haklar sakl\u0131 tutularak dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise de, al\u0131nan bilirki\u015fi raporu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde davan\u0131n \u0131slah edilerek talep edilen kira paras\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde istemde bulunulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Davac\u0131lar\u0131n dava dilek\u00e7esindeki talebi kendilerini ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 niteliktedir. Bu itibarla mahkemenin \u0131slah dilek\u00e7esine de\u011fer vererek ayl\u0131k kira paras\u0131n\u0131 bilirki\u015fi raporu ve \u0131slah talebi do\u011frultusunda tespit etmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/em> (Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesi 2017\/5624 E. , 2018\/9208 K. karar\u0131ndan al\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0130RA TESP\u0130T DAVALARINDA H\u00dcKMED\u0130LECEK YASAL VEKALET \u00dcCRET\u0130 NE KADARDIR?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan, Avukatl\u0131k Asgari \u00dccret Tarifesinin 9. maddesine g\u00f6re kira tespiti davalar\u0131nda tespit olunan kira bedeli fark\u0131n\u0131n bir y\u0131ll\u0131k tutar\u0131 \u00fczerinden tarifenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131sm\u0131 gere\u011fince hesaplanacak miktar\u0131n tamam\u0131na vekalet \u00fccreti olarak h\u00fckmedilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2026. Halen \u00f6denmekte olan ayl\u0131k kira bedeli ile h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nan miktar aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n bir y\u0131ll\u0131k tutar\u0131 \u00fczerinden davac\u0131 yarar\u0131na, davada talep edilen ayl\u0131k kira bedeli ile h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ayl\u0131k kira bedeli aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n bir y\u0131ll\u0131k tutar\u0131 \u00fczerinden de daval\u0131 yarar\u0131na vekalet \u00fccreti takdiri gerekir.\u201d<\/em> (Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesi 2019\/5474 E., 2019\/9483 K. karar\u0131ndan al\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0130RA TESP\u0130T DAVALARININ G\u00d6R\u00dcLMES\u0130 \u0130\u00c7\u0130N YATIRILMASI GEREKEN HAR\u00c7 M\u0130KTARI NED\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Har\u00e7lar Kanununun 17. maddesine g\u00f6re kira tespit davalar\u0131nda bir ayl\u0131k br\u00fct kira fark\u0131 \u00fczerinden nisbi har\u00e7 al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve Mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan da bir ayl\u0131k br\u00fct kira fark\u0131 \u00fczerinden karar ve ilam harc\u0131na g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis edilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Av. Merve Ay\u00e7e \u00d6ZMER\u0130\u00c7 21.04.2021 K\u0130RA TESP\u0130T DAVASININ KONUSU NED\u0130R? Kira paras\u0131n\u0131n tespiti davas\u0131n\u0131n konusu, bir kira y\u0131l\u0131na ait kira paras\u0131n\u0131n ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine ili\u015fkindir. Taraflar\u0131n yeni d\u00f6nem kira bedeli hususunda ancak anla\u015famamas\u0131 halinde bu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7malar\u0131 gerekir. Kiran\u0131n tespiti karar\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yeni d\u00f6nemde belli olmayan \u00fccret unsurunu belirli bir hale getirmekten ibarettir. Bu a\u015famada kiran\u0131n tespitinde hukuki sonu\u00e7 ancak hakimin karar\u0131yla do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. K\u0130RA TESP\u0130T DAVASI HANG\u0130 TA\u015eINMAZLAR HAKKINDA A\u00c7ILAB\u0130L\u0130R? Kira paras\u0131n\u0131n tespiti davalar\u0131n\u0131n konusunu \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 konut ve i\u015fyerleri kapsam\u0131na giren ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. TBK\u2019nun 344. ve devam\u0131 maddeleri gere\u011fi, kira tespiti talebinin ancak konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda uygulanabilece\u011finden bunun haricinde kira tespiti istenemeyecektir. Bu halde, ba\u015ftan belirsiz s\u00fcreli olarak akdedilen konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f yeri kiras\u0131 niteli\u011finde olmayan kiralar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da mevcut fesih bildiriminde bulunma fesih (ola\u011fan fesih) imkan\u0131n\u0131n (TBK 328-330) varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin devam\u0131 s\u00fcresinde kira tespit davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00d6rnek olarak kiralanan yerin tarla vasf\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ve musakkaf yap\u0131da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda niteli\u011fi itibariyle kiralanan\u0131n T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi olmas\u0131 sebebiyle, bu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz hakk\u0131nda Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun Konut ve \u00c7at\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015fyeri Kiralar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanamayacakt\u0131r. Yine has\u0131lat\/\u00fcr\u00fcn kiras\u0131na tabi olan kiralananlara y\u00f6nelik kira tespiti talep edilemez ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":117,"featured_media":456,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/549"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/117"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=549"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/549\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":550,"href":"http:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/549\/revisions\/550"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=549"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=549"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=549"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}