{"id":287,"date":"2016-07-26T19:02:48","date_gmt":"2016-07-26T16:02:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/?p=287"},"modified":"2016-07-26T19:07:43","modified_gmt":"2016-07-26T16:07:43","slug":"sirketortakligindan-hakli-sebeple-cikma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/2016\/07\/26\/sirketortakligindan-hakli-sebeple-cikma\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015e\u0130RKET ORTAKLI\u011eINDAN HAKLI SEBEPLE \u00c7IKMA"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u015e\u0130RKET ORTAKLI\u011eINDAN HAKLI SEBEPLE \u00c7IKMA<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Temmuz 2016, \u0130stanbul<\/em><\/p>\n

Av. Merve Ay\u00e7e \u00d6ZMER\u0130\u00c7<\/em><\/p>\n

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Ortaklar, \u015firketin kurulu\u015funda hedeflenen menfaatin ger\u00e7eklemesinin imk\u00e2ns\u0131z veya \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011fu hallerde ortakl\u0131k ili\u015fkisini daha fazla s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek istememektedirler.<\/p>\n

Yine ortaklar aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 husumet, \u015firketin borca batak hale gelmesi, faaliyetinin bulunmamas\u0131, y\u00f6neticilerin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong> \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ortaklar\u0131n \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kma istedi\u011fini do\u011furmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mevcut ortakl\u0131k ili\u015fkisi ve i\u015fleyi\u015finde ya\u015fanan zorluklar ve ortaklar aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde \u00e7o\u011fu kez mevcut hisselerin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere devri fiili olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamaktad\u0131r. Bu halde ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kmak isteyen orta\u011f\u0131n \u201chakl\u0131 sebeple \u00e7\u0131kma\u201d<\/strong> talebi bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolu olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ortal\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kmada hakl\u0131 sebep, kollektif, limited ve anonim \u015firket t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re k\u0131smen farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. Bununla beraber hakl\u0131 sebebin kesin bir tan\u0131m\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu konuda h\u00e2kimin takdir yetkisi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemekte fayda vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cHakl\u0131 sebep, s\u00fcrekli bir bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisine devam etmeyi, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131 gere\u011fi \u00e7ekilmez hale getirdi\u011fi kabul edilebilecek hukuki olgudur.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> (Tan\u0131mlar ve \u00f6rnekler i\u00e7in bkz. Nuri ERDEM, Anonim Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Hakl\u0131 Sebeple Feshi, \u0130stanbul, 2012, s. 75 vd).<\/p>\n

\u00d6rnek olarak kollektif \u015firketler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan TTK. 245\u2019de; \u201c\u015firketin kurulu\u015funa yol a\u00e7an fiili veya ki\u015fisel sebeplerin \u015firketin i\u015fletme konusunun elde edilmesini imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131lacak veya g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirecek \u015fekilde ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131\u201d <\/em>hakl\u0131 sebep olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu kapsamda yine \u015firkete kar\u015f\u0131 olan yasal y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin yerine getirilmemesi, rekabet yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlali, sadakat borcuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareketler, \u015firket defterlerinin d\u00fczg\u00fcn tutulmamas\u0131 gibi ortakl\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin sebepler<\/strong> hakl\u0131 sebep te\u015fkil etti\u011fi gibi; \u00a0di\u011fer ortaklar ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131na rencide edici s\u00f6zler s\u00f6ylemek, haks\u0131z fiilde bulunmak (11. HD., E. 1997\/9084; K. 1997\/8442, T. 21.11.1997), tutuklanma gibi sebeplerle ortakl\u0131k i\u015flerinden uzak kalma ve bo\u015fanma (11. HD; E. 2003\/3080, K. 2003\/9839, T. 27.10.2003) gibi ki\u015fisel sebeplerin<\/strong> de hakl\u0131 sebep te\u015fkil etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Limited \u015firket faaliyetinin tamamen durmu\u015f olmas\u0131, ortaklar aras\u0131ndaki ciddi anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar, orta\u011f\u0131n esas sermaye borcunu \u00f6demede temerr\u00fcd\u00fc, \u015firketin kurulu\u015f gayesinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesine imk\u00e2n kalmamas\u0131, \u015firketin devaml\u0131 olarak kar sa\u011flayamamas\u0131, ortaklar\u0131n rekabet yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmeleri, ortaklar aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisinin sona ermesi, \u015firket y\u00f6netimindeki yolsuzluklar, \u015firket kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcrekli ihlali<\/strong> de yine \u00f6\u011fretide ifade edilen hakl\u0131 sebep ve Hisseli Komandit \u015eirketler, \u0130stanbul, 1989, s. 736. ; \u0130smail DO\u011eANAY, T\u00fcrk Ticaret \u00f6rnekleridir (Halil ARSLANLI \/ Hayri DOMAN\u0130\u00c7, Ticaret Kanunu C. III, Limited Kanunu \u015eerhi, C. II, \u0130stanbul 2004, s. 1484-1485. ; \u00c7EV\u0130K, s. 563, ERDEM, s. 67, s. 159 vd). \u00d6zellikle az say\u0131da ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketlerde Y\u00fcksek Mahkemenin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ki\u015fisel ba\u011flar\u0131n ve birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma niyeti s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda ki\u015fisel sebeplerin de birer hakl\u0131 sebep te\u015fkil edebilece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

6102 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK.\u2019da limited ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, ortaklardan birinin talebi \u00fczerine ve hakl\u0131 sebeplerden dolay\u0131 Mahkeme karar\u0131yla sona erebilece\u011fi (TTK. 636\/3) ve her orta\u011f\u0131n, hakl\u0131 sebeplere dayanarak ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na m\u00fcsaade edilmesini mahkemeden talep edebilece\u011fi (TTK. 638) d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u201c6102 Say\u0131l\u0131 T.T.K.nun 638\/2. maddesi “… Her ortak, hakl\u0131 sebeplerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na karar verilmesi i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7abilir.<\/strong> Mahkeme istem \u00fczerine, dava s\u00fcresince, davac\u0131n\u0131n ortakl\u0131ktan do\u011fan hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n veya t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn dondurulmas\u0131na veya davac\u0131 orta\u011f\u0131n durumunun teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla di\u011fer \u00f6nlemlere karar verebilir.”<\/em> h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc haizdir.<\/p>\n

\u201cLO s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde orta\u011f\u0131n LO’dan \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi haller (sebepler) g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015f olsa, hatta LO s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde \u00e7\u0131kma hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmasa bile her ortak hakl\u0131 sebeplerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde LO\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Hakl\u0131 sebep \u015fahsi veya maddi nitelikte olabilir, LO’nun finansal durumundan (birka\u00e7 y\u0131l zarar etmesi), sermaye ihtiyac\u0131ndan ve bu ihtiyaca cevap verilememesinden, baz\u0131 ortaklar\u0131n tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan, k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netimden<\/strong> vs.den do\u011fabilir. Bu hak orta\u011f\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilemez haklar\u0131ndan biridir. Hi\u00e7bir ortaktan \u00e7ekilmez hale gelen bir ili\u015fkiyi devam ettirmesi istenemez. \u2026.Ortak mahkemenin karar\u0131yla ve karar tarihi itibariyle ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc karar bozucu yenilik do\u011furucudur.\u201d (\u00dcnal Tekinalp, Sermaye Ortakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Yeni Hukuku, \u0130stanbul, 2015, N.21.41,21.41a)<\/p>\n

6102 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK md.641\u2019deki \u201cOrta\u011f\u0131n \u015firketten ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, esas sermaye pay\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferine uyan ayr\u0131lma ak\u00e7esini<\/strong> istem hakk\u0131n\u0131 haizdir.\u201d<\/em> h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fi \u015firketten ayr\u0131lan orta\u011f\u0131n ayr\u0131lma ak\u00e7esini talep hakk\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015f bu yasal d\u00fczenleme uyar\u0131nca, limited \u015firkette ortakl\u0131ktan ayr\u0131lan yani \u00e7\u0131kan yahut \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan orta\u011f\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferinin hesap edilerek kendisine \u00f6denmesi gerekmektedir. Ayr\u0131lma ak\u00e7esi hesaplanmas\u0131nda uygulanmas\u0131 gereken y\u00f6ntem \u201cpay\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek de\u011feri\u201d nin hesaplanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anonim \u015firketler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ise; TTK. 531\u2019e g\u00f6re; \u201chakl\u0131 sebeplerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sermayenin en az onda birini ve halka a\u00e7\u0131k \u015firketlerde yirmide birini temsil eden paylar\u0131n sahipleri, \u015firketin merkezinin bulundu\u011fu yerdeki asliye ticaret mahkemesinden \u015firketin feshine karar verilmesini isteyebilirler. Mahkeme, fesih yerine, davac\u0131 pay sahiplerine, paylar\u0131n\u0131n karar tarihine en yak\u0131n tarihteki ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferlerinin \u00f6denip davac\u0131 pay sahiplerinin \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmalar\u0131na veya duruma uygun d\u00fc\u015fen ve kabul edilebilir di\u011fer bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme karar verebilir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d6\u011fretide, anonim ortakl\u0131klarda hakl\u0131 sebep te\u015fkil edebilecek haller olarak; mali haklar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle kar pay\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlali, ortakl\u0131\u011fa kat\u0131l\u0131m, bilgi alma, denetleme haklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli ihlali, ama\u00e7 ve konunun \u00f6znel olarak imk\u00e2ns\u0131z hale gelmesi (ayr\u0131ca bkz. TTK. 529\/1 b.), kar elde edemez, mali durumu k\u00f6t\u00fclemi\u015f hale gelmesi, (ayr\u0131ca bkz. TTK. 376), organlar\u0131n i\u015flevsiz, \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz hale gelmesi (ayr\u0131ca bkz. TTK. 530), ki\u015fisel sebepler, k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netim, i\u015f g\u00f6remezlik, ki\u015fisel anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar g\u00f6sterilmektedir. (\u00d6rnekler i\u00e7in bkz. \u015e. YILDIZ, \u201cTTK Tasar\u0131s\u0131na G\u00f6re Anonim \u015eirketin Hakl\u0131 Sebeple Feshi\u201d, Prof. Dr. Ergon A. \u00c7etingil ve Prof. Dr. Rayegan Kender\u2019e 50. Birlikte \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Y\u0131l\u0131 Arma\u011fan\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2007, s. 1198; A. \u00c7EL\u0130K, \u201cT\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu Tasar\u0131s\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re Anonim \u015eirketlerin Hakl\u0131 Sebeple Feshi\u201d, BAT\u0130DER, C. XXV(2009), S. 4, s. 571-572; M. ORU\u00c7, \u201c6102 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’na G\u00f6re Anonim Ortakl\u0131ktan Hakl\u0131 Sebeple Fesih \u0130stemine Ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lma\u201d, BAT\u0130DER, C. XXVII, S. 1, s. 215-216; \u00d6. AYAN, \u201cYeni T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanununda Anonim \u015eirketin Hakl\u0131 Sebeple Feshi Davas\u0131 (531. Madde)\u201d, Legal Hukuk Dergisi, Haziran 2011, s. 2245-2246; \u00dc. TEK\u0130NALP, Sermaye Ortakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Yeni Hukuku – Anonim ve Limited Ortakl\u0131klar, Tek Ki\u015fi Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ortakl\u0131klar Toplulu\u011fu, Birle\u015fme, B\u00f6l\u00fcnme, T\u00fcr De\u011fi\u015ftirme, \u0130stanbul, 2013, s. 295-296; M. BAHT\u0130YAR, Ortakl\u0131klar Hukuku, s. 352; ERDEM, s. 161).<\/p>\n

Bununla beraber, \u015fu hususu da belirtmekte fayda vard\u0131r ki, Yarg\u0131tay \u00d6zel Dairesi bir \u00e7ok i\u00e7tihad\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kma talebini ileri s\u00fcren orta\u011f\u0131n hakl\u0131 sebep te\u015fkil eden olay\/lar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda kusurlu olmamas\u0131 (veya daha az kusurlu olmas\u0131) gerekti\u011fini belirtmektedir. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u201chi\u00e7 kimse kendi kusurundan yararlanmaz.\u201d<\/em> ilkesinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, bir sermaye \u015firketi olan orta\u011f\u0131n hakl\u0131 sebeplerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde \u015firket ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kma talebi Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi\u2019nde a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 dava ile ileri s\u00fcrebilecektir. Yaz\u0131m\u0131zda Doktrinde ve Yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 ile belirlenen hakl\u0131 sebep te\u015fkil edebilecek \u00f6rneklere yer verilmi\u015ftir. Hakl\u0131 sebeplerin s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 olmamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hakl\u0131 sebebin her somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re, yarg\u0131 merci taraf\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Mahkemenin \u00e7\u0131kma talebi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hakl\u0131 sebebin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kanaat etmesi halinde, ortak Mahkemenin karar tarihi itibari ile \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131kan ortak hisselerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak mali bilirki\u015filerce hesaplanan pay\u0131n ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferine isabet eden ayr\u0131lma ak\u00e7esini de bu dava ile talep ve tazmin hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n

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\u015e\u0130RKET ORTAKLI\u011eINDAN HAKLI SEBEPLE \u00c7IKMA   \u00a0Temmuz 2016, \u0130stanbul Av. Merve Ay\u00e7e \u00d6ZMER\u0130\u00c7   Ortaklar, \u015firketin kurulu\u015funda hedeflenen menfaatin ger\u00e7eklemesinin imk\u00e2ns\u0131z veya \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011fu hallerde ortakl\u0131k ili\u015fkisini daha fazla s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek istememektedirler. Yine ortaklar aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 husumet, \u015firketin borca batak hale gelmesi, faaliyetinin bulunmamas\u0131, y\u00f6neticilerin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ortaklar\u0131n \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kma istedi\u011fini do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. Mevcut ortakl\u0131k ili\u015fkisi ve i\u015fleyi\u015finde ya\u015fanan zorluklar ve ortaklar aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde \u00e7o\u011fu kez mevcut hisselerin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere devri fiili olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamaktad\u0131r. Bu halde ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kmak isteyen orta\u011f\u0131n \u201chakl\u0131 sebeple \u00e7\u0131kma\u201d talebi bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolu olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ortal\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kmada hakl\u0131 sebep, kollektif, limited ve anonim \u015firket t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re k\u0131smen farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. Bununla beraber hakl\u0131 sebebin kesin bir tan\u0131m\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu konuda h\u00e2kimin takdir yetkisi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemekte fayda vard\u0131r. \u00a0\u201cHakl\u0131 sebep, s\u00fcrekli bir bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisine devam etmeyi, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131 gere\u011fi \u00e7ekilmez hale getirdi\u011fi kabul edilebilecek hukuki olgudur.\u201d (Tan\u0131mlar ve \u00f6rnekler i\u00e7in bkz. Nuri ERDEM, Anonim Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Hakl\u0131 Sebeple Feshi, \u0130stanbul, 2012, s. 75 vd). \u00d6rnek olarak kollektif \u015firketler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan TTK. 245\u2019de; \u201c\u015firketin kurulu\u015funa yol a\u00e7an fiili veya ki\u015fisel sebeplerin \u015firketin i\u015fletme konusunun elde edilmesini imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131lacak veya g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirecek \u015fekilde ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131\u201d hakl\u0131 sebep olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda yine \u015firkete kar\u015f\u0131 olan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":291,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[23,24,22],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/287"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=287"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/287\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":289,"href":"https:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/287\/revisions\/289"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=287"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozmeric.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}